St Helens History This Week

Bringing History to Life from 50, 100 and 150 Years Ago!

Bringing History to Life from 50, 100 and 150 Years Ago!

IOO YEARS AGO THIS WEEK (27th JUNE - 3rd JULY 1922)

This week's many stories include the sacking of married women schoolteachers in St Helens, the Bold Heath animal cruelty case, the St Helens MP suffers a personal tragedy, the bastardy order case in St Helens Police Court and the new wireless depot that had opened for business in Westfield Street.
Polly Fenney horse, St Helens
Above is Polly Fenney who with her horse and coal wagon was quite a character around the Sutton district of St Helens. Some years earlier Mary Winstanley had been another character often seen on the streets of the town. On June 27th of this week she and her two sons James and John appeared in St Helens County Police Court charged with cruelty to their animals. These included pigs, horses, a bullock and a cow. The 79-year-old was a farmer and market gardener in the Bold Heath area, with premises in Warrington Road. An inspector from the RSPCA had visited the place after receiving a tip-off that a horse was in a neglected state. Mary when questioned got into an excited state and fainted. Upon recovering, the inspector said she adopted "rather a menacing attitude" and so he decided to leave.

Upon returning later to the farm, he found a number of other animals seemingly starving, with the pigs described as being in a "ravenous" state. In his presence the animals were fed and the inspector told the court they had fought for their food like wild beasts and devoured their nourishment rapidly. However, Mrs Winstanley and her two sons angrily disputed that the animals had not been fed properly and even brought the horse in question to court with them. The inspector explained how five weeks earlier the bay mare had been in a very weak state but had obviously improved during that time.

Asked in court whether she ever summoned a vet to attend to her animals when they were sick, Mrs Winstanley said: "No, I never do. I know as much as they do." After the magistrates had returned after retiring to consider their verdict, Police Supt. Garvey revealed that the woman had 27 convictions against her. Although these were mainly for highway offences, Mrs Winstanley had also previously been fined for cruelty to animals. This time the magistrates fined her £7 and she would also have to pay a vet's fee of two guineas.

In March 1916 when Mary had appeared in court charged with keeping cattle and pigs in insanitary conditions, Police Inspector Fraser had described her farm as a public nuisance and said he'd been trying for 15 years to get her to improve it. Then in January 1919, a constable in court described Mary in her horse and cart as a "complete nuisance on the road", adding that she "would be getting smashed up one of these days."

St Helens ratepayers had welcomed the virtual freezing of rates bills that the council had announced earlier in the year. That was after many years of rises – caused mainly by the unprecedented levels of wartime inflation. During the financial year 1913-14, the St Helens rates had been just 7s 9d in the pound. But the 1921 - ‘22 rates were more than double the pre-war level and stood at 17 shillings in the £.

It was thought that raising the rates again in the present economic climate would simply have increased the number of defaulters – and so instead of a rise in bills, £75,000 worth of savings in planned expenditure was going to be made. In other words austerity was coming to town and on the 28th of this week it was confirmed that schoolteachers were in the firing line. A special meeting of the St Helens Education Committee decided to revert to 1914 staffing levels in schools in order to save money, which meant that 45 teachers would be sacked.

Of these the majority would be married women teachers as long as their husbands were in work. That could be seen as a retrograde step, as it was only a few years since rules compelling female teachers that got wed to quit their jobs were scrapped. However, most of the married women teachers did not have any children of their own and so the measure was considered the fairest – although I expect the sacked teachers did not agree.

It is four years since I first described St Helens Corporation's grand plans to purchase Sir David Gamble's Windlehurst estate and build on it large numbers of badly needed homes. These would be constructed between City Gardens and Windleshaw Road and be the first large council estate in St Helens. There had been many delays, mainly because the council could not come to terms with house builders over prices. The cost of building new homes had skyrocketed through wartime inflation and the builders had been demanding over £1,000 a house, which the Corporation was reluctant to pay.

Robert McAlpine and Son was eventually given the contract and at a Health Committee meeting at the Town Hall on the 28th it was stated that the pioneering project was coming to an end. The last house would be completed by the end of July – but the estate was far from being finished in terms of creating footpaths and installing fencing. Those were excluded from McAlpine's contract and appear to have been forgotten about. And so at the meeting, the Borough Engineer was instructed to contact local builders to obtain prices for doing the jobs.

The term "bastardy order" had pretty much died out by 1922 but the Reporter used it on the 30th to describe a case that had taken place this week in St Helens Police Court. An unnamed man had amassed £26 in arrears of maintenance payments to the unmarried mother of his child. The individual was a miner who, like other colliers in the town, had experienced a reduction in his wages. So he requested that the court cut the amount of his weekly payments to the mother of his child. Asked by a solicitor how the woman was expected keep her child on less money, the man replied: "The same as I am keeping mine. On Town Hall milk. She must get it free, the same as I am now."

St Helens Corporation's pioneering milk scheme had done much to improve levels of child mortality and stunted growth over the past twenty years – as well as the health of expectant and new mothers. The borough had been the first in England to possess a municipal supply of sterilised milk that was distributed free from maternity centres at the Town Hall, Albion Street, Elizabeth Street and in Marshalls Cross.

It would be very surprising if the young woman was not already taking advantage of the scheme but, of course, she would have far more needs in bringing up her child than just milk. The magistrates rejected the man's application to reduce the terms of the bastardy order and the case against him for amassing £26 of arrears was adjourned for a month to see if he'd make any effort to pay the debt off.

There was a short article in the Reporter on the new activity of "listening-in" to wireless broadcasts. It would not be until October before the BBC would begin as a private company and it would not be until the thirties before the term "listening-in" would be universally truncated to just "listen" or "listener". At present there was only a limited amount that could be heard on the airwaves but the new invention was still proving quite a novelty, although mainly with those with some technical nous, as the Reporter explained:

"Everyone is talking “wireless” these days, and many are serious to learn something practical about it, especially in regard to the latest development, “listening in.” This will soon be possible in St Helens, as Mr. Whitehouse is already engaged in finishing his wireless depot at 19, Westfield-street. A fully-qualified operator is in attendance, and will be glad to give all information concerning wireless telegraphy or telephony, and the best means of taking advantage of the unique facilities it offers the private householder."

On July 1st a garden fete in aid of the St Helens Society for the Welfare of the Blind was held at Ingleholme in Eccleston, although the event was spoiled to some extent by bad weather.

The funeral of Nellie Sexton took place in St Helens on the 3rd. She was the sister of James Sexton, the St Helens MP, and had been killed in a car accident while on her way to attend the St Helens Catholic Sports where she was due to present prizes. The Liverpool Echo wrote: "…there was a remarkable demonstration of sympathy and mourning by all sections of the people. Requiem Mass was celebrated at Lowe House Church, before a crowded congregation."

Next week's many stories will include the Rainhill Hospital patient who swallowed a spoon, the innovation of paid holidays in St Helens, the many motor accidents in Victoria Square and the boy lip-smacking jam thieves.
This week's many stories include the sacking of married women schoolteachers in St Helens, the Bold Heath animal cruelty case, the St Helens MP suffers a personal tragedy, the bastardy order case in St Helens Police Court and the new wireless depot that had opened for business in Westfield Street.
Polly Fenney horse, St Helens
Above is Polly Fenney who with her horse and coal wagon was quite a character around the Sutton district of St Helens.

Some years earlier Mary Winstanley had been another character often seen on the streets of the town.

On June 27th of this week she and her two sons James and John appeared in St Helens County Police Court charged with cruelty to their animals. These included pigs, horses, a bullock and a cow.

The 79-year-old was a farmer and market gardener in the Bold Heath area, with premises in Warrington Road.

An inspector from the RSPCA had visited the place after receiving a tip-off that a horse was in a neglected state.

Mary when questioned got into an excited state and fainted. Upon recovering, the inspector said she adopted "rather a menacing attitude" and so he decided to leave.

Upon returning later to the farm, he found a number of other animals seemingly starving, with the pigs described as being in a "ravenous" state.

In his presence the animals were fed and the inspector told the court they had fought for their food like wild beasts and devoured their nourishment rapidly.

However, Mrs Winstanley and her two sons angrily disputed that the animals had not been fed properly and even brought the horse in question to court with them.

The inspector explained how five weeks earlier the bay mare had been in a very weak state but had obviously improved during that time.

Asked in court whether she ever summoned a vet to attend to her animals when they were sick, Mrs Winstanley said: "No, I never do. I know as much as they do."

After the magistrates had returned after retiring to consider their verdict, Police Supt. Garvey revealed that the woman had 27 convictions against her.

Although these were mainly for highway offences, Mrs Winstanley had also previously been fined for cruelty to animals.

This time the magistrates fined her £7 and she would also have to pay a vet's fee of two guineas.

In March 1916 when Mary had appeared in court charged with keeping cattle and pigs in insanitary conditions, Police Inspector Fraser had described her farm as a public nuisance and said he'd been trying for 15 years to get her to improve it.

Then in January 1919, a constable in court described Mary in her horse and cart as a "complete nuisance on the road", adding that she "would be getting smashed up one of these days."

St Helens ratepayers had welcomed the virtual freezing of rates bills that the council had announced earlier in the year.

That was after many years of rises – caused mainly by the unprecedented levels of wartime inflation.

During the financial year 1913-14, the St Helens rates had been just 7s 9d in the pound.

But the 1921 - ‘22 rates were more than double the pre-war level and stood at 17 shillings in the £.

It was thought that raising the rates again in the present economic climate would simply have increased the number of defaulters – and so instead of a rise in bills, £75,000 worth of savings in planned expenditure was going to be made.

In other words austerity was coming to town and on the 28th of this week it was confirmed that schoolteachers were in the firing line.

A special meeting of the St Helens Education Committee decided to revert to 1914 staffing levels in schools in order to save money, which meant that 45 teachers would be sacked.

Of these the majority would be married women teachers as long as their husbands were in work.

That could be seen as a retrograde step, as it was only a few years since rules compelling female teachers that got wed to quit their jobs were scrapped.

However, most of the married women teachers did not have any children of their own and so the measure was considered the fairest – although I expect the sacked teachers did not agree.

It is four years since I first described St Helens Corporation's grand plans to purchase Sir David Gamble's Windlehurst estate and build on it large numbers of badly needed homes.

These would be constructed between City Gardens and Windleshaw Road and be the first large council estate in St Helens.

There had been many delays, mainly because the council could not come to terms with house builders over prices.

The cost of building new homes had skyrocketed through wartime inflation and the builders had been demanding over £1,000 a house, which the Corporation was reluctant to pay.

Robert McAlpine and Son was eventually given the contract and at a Health Committee meeting at the Town Hall on the 28th it was stated that the pioneering project was coming to an end.

The last house would be completed by the end of July – but the estate was far from being finished in terms of creating footpaths and installing fencing.

Those were excluded from McAlpine's contract and appear to have been forgotten about.

And so at the meeting, the Borough Engineer was instructed to contact local builders to obtain prices for doing the jobs.

The term "bastardy order" had pretty much died out by 1922 but the Reporter used it on the 30th to describe a case that had taken place this week in St Helens Police Court.

An unnamed man had amassed £26 in arrears of maintenance payments to the unmarried mother of his child.

The individual was a miner who, like other colliers in the town, had experienced a reduction in his wages.

So he requested that the court cut the amount of his weekly payments to the mother of his child.

Asked by a solicitor how the woman was expected keep her child on less money, the man replied:

"The same as I am keeping mine. On Town Hall milk. She must get it free, the same as I am now."

St Helens Corporation's pioneering milk scheme had done much to improve levels of child mortality and stunted growth over the past twenty years – as well as the health of expectant and new mothers.

The borough had been the first in England to possess a municipal supply of sterilised milk that was distributed free from maternity centres at the Town Hall, Albion Street, Elizabeth Street and in Marshalls Cross.

It would be very surprising if the young woman was not already taking advantage of the scheme but, of course, she would have far more needs in bringing up her child than just milk.

The magistrates rejected the man's application to reduce the terms of the bastardy order and the case against him for amassing £26 of arrears was adjourned for a month to see if he'd make any effort to pay the debt off.

There was a short article in the Reporter on the new activity of "listening-in" to wireless broadcasts.

It would not be until October before the BBC would begin as a private company and it would not be until the thirties before the term "listening-in" would be universally truncated to just "listen" or "listener".

At present there was only a limited amount that could be heard on the airwaves but the new invention was still proving quite a novelty, although mainly with those with some technical nous, as the Reporter explained:

"Everyone is talking “wireless” these days, and many are serious to learn something practical about it, especially in regard to the latest development, “listening in.”

"This will soon be possible in St Helens, as Mr. Whitehouse is already engaged in finishing his wireless depot at 19, Westfield-street.

“A fully-qualified operator is in attendance, and will be glad to give all information concerning wireless telegraphy or telephony, and the best means of taking advantage of the unique facilities it offers the private householder."

On July 1st a garden fete in aid of the St Helens Society for the Welfare of the Blind was held at Ingleholme in Eccleston, although the event was spoiled to some extent by bad weather.

The funeral of Nellie Sexton took place in St Helens on the 3rd. She was the sister of James Sexton, the St Helens MP, and had been killed in a car accident while on her way to attend the St Helens Catholic Sports where she was due to present prizes. The Liverpool Echo wrote:

"…there was a remarkable demonstration of sympathy and mourning by all sections of the people. Requiem Mass was celebrated at Lowe House Church, before a crowded congregation."

Next week's many stories will include the Rainhill Hospital patient who swallowed a spoon, the innovation of paid holidays in St Helens, the many motor accidents in Victoria Square and the boy lip-smacking jam thieves.
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